ICSE 2026 Publication

Project type Scientific Publication
- Publication https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.10099
- Conference https://conf.researchr.org/home/icse-2026
What The goal of the study is to investigate the ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate energy-efficient code based on a variety of prompting methods.
How Part of the Nebula initiative, we handled all the prompting to the AI services that were part of the research. This included OpenAI and HuggingFace.
Who Radu Apsan, Vincenzo Stoico, Michel Albonico, Rudra Dhar, Karthik Vaidhyanathan, Ivano Malavolta
Where Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Netherlands), Federal University of Technology of Paraná (Brazil), IIIT Hyderabad (India)
When July 2024 – January 2025

Landscape AI at VU

Project type Infographics
- Project output https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1CjQez7XxsFqp6KRKAgYORC8VaW3v2eLZ?usp=drive_link
What With the AI bubble growing larger and larger, this infographic investigates the AI research studies produced by the VU for the past year, and which are the most popular types of AI use in research.
How Nebula was used to analyze the title and abstract of research papers obtained from the PURE research platform, and categorize the type of AI use.
Who Lara Baseggio (Network Institute), Radu Nicolae (Network Institute)
Where Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Netherlands)
When July 2025 – September 2025

Project type Hackathon
- Output https://github.com/S2-group/challenge-llms-ethics/tree/main/submissions/2025-innoguard-school-unisannio
What We hosted a hackathon with the challenge of investigating the ethics of LLMs from the perspectives of bias, privacy and copyright. The participants consisted of the 11 PhD students who are part of the InnoGuard European Union project which focuses on autonomous cyber-physical system safety and trustworthiness with the goal to develop new methods for increasing the reliability and robustness of the quality assurance procedures.
How Nebula was used during this hackathon as an integral part of the PhD candidates’ research.
Who Mondragon University (Spain), Universita degli Studi del Sannio (Italy), Simula Research Laboratory (Norway), Oslo Metropilitan University (Norway), University of Malaga (Spain), and Zurcher Hochschule Fur Angewandte Wissenschaften (Switzerland)
Where Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Netherlands)
When September 2025

Project type Hackathon
- Details https://ubvu.github.io/bytes-and-bites/events/25_10-October_07_hackathon.html
What We provided infrastructure and Nebula access for the Bytes & Bytes Hackathon.
How Nebula was used during this hackathon as the go-to solution for creating the chatbots.
Who VU University Library
Where Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Netherlands)
When October 2025